Chronophotography

These are from a man from the 19th century called Etienne-Jules Marey. He was one of the pioneers of Chronophotography:

Chronophotography is a Victorian application of science (the study of movement, and art photography). It is the technique precursor to cinematography. The word is from the Greek 'chronos' and photography, "pictures of time."Chronophotography is divided into two separate processes: Motography (continuous exposure of the subject) and Strobophotography (intermittent exposure of the subject).

People like Duchamp took it up later on, and as you can see, his 'nude descending a staircase' was a reference to this type of photography. The image below is by someone called Eadweard Muybridge, who was a pioneer of using multiple cameras to capture an image during the 19th century,

he also did horses, and proved that galloping horses for a time always had four legs on the ground.